Simple defintion(s):
PMIS - general term for the sofware tool that will house and distribute project information (think SharePoint).
Read PMBOK (pp. 685 - 694). Shows the tools broken down by Process Group.
Variance Analysis - generic term for determining variances (differences) between planned and actual performance. Used for schedule, cost, scope.
Earned Value analysis - a type of data analysis where you look at planned values, what you've actual done to date, and what it cost you to get there.
Performance review - how we measure work in progress to actual work.
Performance measurement baseline - abbreviated PMB - is just the integration of the cost, schedule and scope baselines into one metric. Used in earned value analysis.
Trend analysis - self-explanatory. How do you know if we are in a drought? You measure rain over time. Time is the key in trend analysis.